Author: clidzbarski@fieldpiece.com

Introduction

As HVACR technicians, job number one is ensuring the comfort of the customer. For an HVACR system, it is effective heat transfer and efficient conditioning in all intended zones of the system. Efficient distribution of airflow in both residential and commercial spaces greatly impacts the ability of the system to effectively heat or cool the intended zones. Proper airflow across an evaporator coil and throughout the ductwork can efficiently condition a space and keep it comfortable, while improper airflow can lead to some rooms struggling to stay cool or even reach the target temperature. In situations like this, the problem at hand may be improper air balancing.

What is Air Balancing?

 In short, air balancing is the process of testing and adjusting your air conditioning system to deliver the right amount of air to the zones of a given space. Proper air balancing ensures that each room or zone receives the correct amount of air, maintaining consistent temperatures and improving system efficiency. It is a critical step in both the installation of new systems and the maintenance of existing ones to ensure optimal performance and comfort.

Signs of Improper Air Balancing

When a single system is effective in some zones, and not others, a technician may need to conduct air balancing. This starts with some simple diagnostics of the zones themselves. Using an IR thermometer or psychrometer, conduct a walkaround test and read temperatures from all registers in each space. Record temperatures manually, or if using psychrometer probes like Fieldpiece’s JL3RH Job Link® system probes, view all live temperature readings at once on the Job Link® System App. Once the underperforming zones are identified, move on to troubleshooting.

Conducting Air Balancing

Once the problematic zones are identified, first check to see if there are dampers, and if they are properly positioned. Manual dampers may have been closed off halting airflow, or electronic dampers may be malfunctioning to improperly manipulate airflow. Adjust all dampers while monitoring temperature from registers in problem zones to see if performance improves. If dampers are all properly set and the problem zones remain unchanged, an inspection of equipment CFM and static pressure may be necessary.

To check equipment CFM, technicians can use either an airflow capture hood, or an anemometer like the Fieldpiece STA2 Hot Wire Anemometer to conduct a traverse. Conduct a traverse in the appropriate location for the given system, for most residential systems this will be as close to the return or return plenum as possible. Run the system for at least 15 minutes to allow the system to stabilize. If using an anemometer, conduct a traverse by first setting the anemometer to the appropriate return size, and record airflow readings across the return space. For proper measurement points for rectangular, square and round ducts, see the Fieldpiece STA2 Operator’s Manual. In a balanced system, total return CFM should equal total Supply CFM. Compare measured CFM to manufacturer specifications for the given equipment to see if it falls within the target values.

To check system static pressure, use a dual port manometer or wireless manometer probes like the Fieldpiece JL3KM2with static pressure tips and flexible tubing. Zero the manometer while in ambient pressure with any tubing or probes attached. Specific placements will vary depending on your equipment, but in general target manometer placement will be before the blower and after the coil or heat exchanger. Be sure to point the static pressure probe into the direction of the airflow. Calculate the total external static pressure (or TESP) by adding the return and supply readings. Comparing the measured TESP to the equipment’s design specifications can indicate static pressure issues.

 If CFM is found to be lower than the manufacturer specifications, or static pressure is found to be too high, several troubleshooting steps can be taken.

Troubleshooting Tips

Check the return filter to ensure it is free of obstructions such as furniture or other items that may restrict airflow. Next, inspect the blower and make sure it is free of buildup and set to the appropriate speed, or setting for variable speed blowers. Inspect the evaporator coil and clean if required. Lastly, check the actual sizing of the return and supply plenum, as improper installation or obstruction may be constricting airflow. This applies to ducting throughout the system as well, so check for inefficient installation and leaks. Ensuring each of these possible points of impedance is addressed can greatly improve overall system airflow and air balancing.

Keep in mind that the equipment in an HVACR system is only part of the equation. Other considerations to customer comfort should include the structure of the home and other additional factors. These may include customer preference, room orientation and ceiling height, points of ingress and egress such as door cut and clearance, insulation, and the orientation of the structure itself as zones in direct contact with sunlight will require additional cooling.

Systems that meet all manufacturer specifications and have no discernable inefficiencies present may still struggle to properly condition a given space. Under more extreme circumstances, an undersized system may have been installed. Requirements for system size may vary regionally, but in general there should be 1 ton of system for every 400-500 square feet of conditioned space. While it may be more common for an installer to oversize a system to ensure enough heat transfer, system size is a critical factor that should not be overlooked.

Final Thoughts

Airflow is a critical aspect of every HVACR system. Both airflow across the evaporator coil and airflow through the ductwork itself are essential for effective air conditioning in a given space. When airflow is imbalanced, comfort in individual zones can suffer. Proper air balancing can greatly increase effective conditioning and comfort in all zones, making troubleshooting and finding solutions yet another essential tool in a technician’s toolbelt.

Airflow is a critical component in the performance and efficiency of HVAC systems. Proper airflow ensures optimal heat transfer at the evaporator coil and distribution of properly conditioned air throughout the home. The right airflow maintains comfort and air quality, reduces energy consumption, and prevents equipment from overworking or failing prematurely. Diagnosing and resolving airflow issues are a must to ensure optimal system performance.

Tips for Troubleshooting Airflow in a Home’s HVAC System

To troubleshoot airflow issues in an HVAC system, HVAC techs can start with a basic checklist. Assess filters, as dirty or clogged filters can significantly restrict airflow. Inspect the ductwork for any obstructions, leaks, or disconnections that could impede airflow. Vents and registers should be examined to ensure they are open and unobstructed by furniture, curtains, or other objects. The blower motor should be verified for cleanliness and appropriate speed. Evaluate dampers for any closed or improper adjustments that could restrict airflow. Next, we’ll walk through some airflow tests that can help pinpoint system airflow issues.

Conducting a Delta T Test

The Delta T test measures the temperature difference between the return air and the supply air, providing insight into the system’s performance. Comparing the Delta T value to the manufacturer’s specifications can indicate issues such as low refrigerant charge, airflow restrictions, too much airflow, or dirty coils.

To conduct a Delta T test, technicians need a dual temperature digital thermometer and thermocouples. Highly effective tools for this purpose are the Fieldpiece JL3RH Job Link® System Flex Psychrometer Probes. The JL3RH sends air measurements directly to the Fieldpiece Job Link® System App, allowing for convenient and accurate data collection up to 1000 feet away. The Fieldpiece JL3RH is particularly advantageous for its ability to measure various parameters, including %RH, dry bulb, wet bulb, dew point, and enthalpy, providing a comprehensive view of the system’s performance.

First, install the thermocouples or probes in the return air and supply air ducts as near to the air handler as possible. Turn on the HVAC system and let it run for at least 15 minutes to achieve stabilization. Record both temperatures, calculate the difference between them, and compare to the manufacturer’s specifications.

Conducting a Total External Static Pressure (TESP) Test

TESP measures the total resistance to airflow in the system, which helps identify restrictions or improper installations. To conduct a TESP test, technicians need a dual port manometer, such as the Fieldpiece JL3KM2, static pressure tips, and flexible tubing. Zero the manometer while in ambient pressure with any tubing or probes attached. Specific placements will vary depending on your equipment, but in general target manometer placement will be before the blower and after the coil or heat exchanger. Calculate the TESP by adding the return and supply readings. Comparing the measured TESP to the equipment’s design specifications can indicate high static pressure due to restrictions, such as dirty filters, undersized ductwork, or low static pressure due to duct leaks or low fan speeds.

Conducting a Live CFM Test

Live CFM (cubic feet per minute) testing measures the actual airflow through the system. When assessing airflow efficiency, conducting air balancing or calculating capacity, a vital first step is measuring equipment CFM. To conduct a live CFM test, technicians need an airflow capture hood, or an anemometer such as the Fieldpiece STA2 In-Duct Hot Wire Anemometer. Allow the system to run for at least 15 minutes to stabilize, and ensure all doors and windows are closed to avoid interference from outside air. Measure airflow at the nearest air return to the equipment. If there is more than one return, measure at the return plenum. Comparing the total CFM to the system’s specifications can indicate issues such as duct leaks, blower motor problems, or improper system balancing. While target CFM will vary based on factors such as region or humidity, ensuring it is within the manufacturer’s specifications ensures optimal system performance and comfort for homeowners.

Conclusion

Proper airflow is essential for the efficiency, performance, and longevity of HVAC systems. Technicians must be proficient in troubleshooting airflow issues to maintain system integrity, as some fixes for inefficient airflow can be easily addressed. For more in-depth diagnostic and repair, conducting tests like Delta T, TESP, and live CFM provides comprehensive insights into the system’s performance, ensuring optimal operation and comfort for homeowners.

The HVACR industry thrives on efficiency, precision and reliability. In such a demanding field, having the right tools can make all the difference. Fieldpiece Instruments’ Job Link® System App stands out as a comprehensive solution, providing HVACR professionals with the tools they need to excel in their jobs. We’ll explore the many benefits of the Job Link System and the experiences of four HVACR professionals – James Farmer, Vinny Lopez, Luis Rios and Grant Lloyd –on how the ecosystem has transformed their daily workflows. 

 

Maximizing Client Trust with Real-Time Data: James Farmer 

James Farmer, an HVACR technician from New Bern, North Carolina, has been using the Job Link System App for several years. His favorite feature is the Live Measurements feature, which allows him to provide real-time data to his clients. Farmer shared a compelling story about a hospital with extremely dirty evaporator coils. By using the Job Link System App, he was able to show real-time improvements in the system’s performance after cleaning the coils. “The customer was impressed,” Farmer recalls. “I sent data and insights in real-time via email, which significantly enhanced my credibility.” 

For Farmer, the ability to share detailed reports with clients not only helps in gaining their trust but also in demonstrating the value and transparency of his work. “Clients love the fact that I can send them screenshots showing changes in pressures and temperatures. It shows that I’m not just a technician who fixes something and leaves. I provide information on how and why these changes matter, giving customers that extra sense of security and assurance.” 

 

Streamlining Workflow with Customizable Features: Vinny Lopez 

Vinny Lopez, who owns his HVACR business in Waller, Texas, has found the Job Link Pro version indispensable. He uses it to create and manage new jobs and customers, which has significantly improved his workflow. “It comes down to saving time,” Lopez explains. “With several different locations for various clients, I can specialize each job page per location, so each client gets a personalized experience.” 

Lopez plans on utilizing the Live Look-In feature, as he believes this will be a game-changer for his business, allowing him to supervise his techs remotely and provide immediate assistance when needed. “Being able to examine jobs in real-time and guide my techs while they’re on-site will improve efficiency and enhance the quality of our service.” 

 

Optimizing Data Management: Luis Rios 

Luis Rios, a field support specialist for Daikin Comfort Technologies, works remotely from Little Elm, Texas, and specializes in residential HVACR systems. Rios utilizes the Job Link® Pro subscription to enhance his daily workflows. 

Rios particularly values the platform’s data logging and PDF-saving functions. “We use this information for our retrofit projects, tracking data before and after new installation commissioning,” he explains. These features streamline his reporting processes and enhance data accuracy. 

Compared to other apps, Rios finds Job Link’s user-friendly interface and detailed reporting capabilities superior. “Job Link is my go-to app because it’s easy to use and provides comprehensive reports,” he says. Additionally, he appreciates the app team’s responsiveness to user feedback, which continually improves its functionality. 

 

Enhancing Business Operations with Comprehensive Tools: Grant Lloyd 

Grant Lloyd, from Hamptonville, North Carolina, has been in the HVACR industry since 2020. As a Job Link system user, Lloyd values the comprehensive nature of the Job Link System App. He started with the free version and quickly upgraded to Pro to take advantage of the additional features he knew would be useful on a day-to-day basis. “I liked being able to create customer sites and keep jobs organized in one place,” Lloyd says. “The inspection checklist is also very useful for ensuring my techs complete jobs correctly.” 

Lloyd highlights how the Job Link System App has improved his image as a reliable and knowledgeable technician. “Using Fieldpiece tools and the Job Link System App shows clients that I’m serious about providing top-notch service. The app’s ease of use and reliability set me apart from the competition.” 

Testimonials from HVACR pros like James Farmer, Vinny Lopez, Luis Rios and Grant Lloyd underscore the significant impact that Fieldpiece Instruments’ Job Link System App has on HVACR professionals’ workflows. From real-time data sharing and detailed reporting to customizable job management and user-friendly interfaces, the Job Link system offers invaluable tools that enhance efficiency, reliability and client trust. Whether you’re a technician or a business owner, the Job Link System is designed to help you excel in the HVACR industry. Explore the different subscription tiers—Free, Pro and Pro+—to find the best fit for your needs and take your HVACR services to the next level. 

The HVACR industry has witnessed significant technological advancements in measurement and diagnostic tools over the years. From the era of analog refrigerant manifold gauges to modern digital gauges and wireless probes, the tools available to HVACR technicians have evolved to enhance accuracy, efficiency and convenience. Understanding the differences and strengths between these tools is crucial for technicians aiming to optimize their performance and service quality.

Analog Refrigerant Manifold Gauges

For decades, analog refrigerant manifold gauges were the standard in the HVACR industry. These tools allow for the addition and removal of refrigerant and measure system pressures and display saturation temperatures manually, relying on the technician to interpret and calculate their intended readings. They offer reliable and actionable data but require the use of additional instruments for anything outside of pressure and saturation temperature.

Analog gauges are often a great starting point for new technicians given their simplicity and lower price point. One significant drawback of analog gauges is the potential for inaccuracies due to human error and the inherent limitations of the tools. For instance, calculating superheat and subcooling with analog gauges involves multiple steps, including using a separate thermocouple for temperature readings and manual calculations based on pressure-temperature charts. This process is not only time-consuming but also prone to errors.

Digital Refrigerant Manifold Gauges

The introduction of digital refrigerant manifold gauges revolutionized the HVACR industry. Digital manifolds, such as the Fieldpiece SMAN® series, offer several advantages over their analog counterparts:

• Higher Accuracy and Resolution: Digital gauges provide more accurate readings, reducing the risk of human error.
• Automated Calculations: Digital manifolds automatically calculate critical values like superheat and subcooling, streamlining the diagnostic process.
• Convenience: These tools display readings directly on their screens, and some allow for the wireless connection of additional tools such as psychrometers.
• Durability: Digital manifolds are less prone to damage and loss of calibration incurred by system vibrations.

Digital manifolds have simplified the workflow for HVACR technicians, allowing them to take accurate measurements and adjust refrigerant levels quickly and efficiently.

Wireless Probes

Wireless probes represent the latest advancement in HVACR diagnostic tools. These compact instruments allow a technician to remotely take readings both inside and outside a home, with some allowing for data aggregation and calculation on smart devices. Wireless ranges for these devices can vary, with some reaching up to 1000ft for access to live measurements on large job sites. For example, usage of wireless psychrometer probes to measure Delta T eliminates the need for a technician to repeatedly walk inside and outside to take readings.

The compact size of most probes also makes optimal placement at tight spaces or cramped service ports easier, which is crucial for achieving accurate readings. One of the few drawbacks to a wireless probe kit would be that adding or removing refrigerant will still require an additional tool in your configuration, such as a T- Fitting or a valve core removal tool. However, system checks and quick diagnostics are more than possible with a well-rounded probe kit.

Fieldpiece’s JL3KH6 Charge and Air kit is one example, featuring Wireless Pipe Clamps, Pressure Probes, and Flexible Psychrometers. A comprehensive probe kit can be a technician’s best resource for conducting fast and efficient system diagnostics, making it an industry staple.

Choosing the Right Tool

When deciding between analog gauges, digital manifolds and wireless probes, HVACR technicians should consider their specific needs and preferences. Analog gauges, while simple and accessible, are less accurate and more time-consuming. Digital manifolds offer higher accuracy and convenience, with tools such as the Fieldpiece SMAN® series allowing wireless connectivity to other critical instruments.

Wireless probes provide the most flexibility and ease of use, allowing for real-time monitoring via mobile devices. They are ideal for technicians who value precision and efficiency on jobs that require a quick snapshot of system readings. However, if using a mobile device is not feasible due to environmental conditions or personal preference, digital and analog manifolds remain a robust alternative.

In conclusion, the choice between analog, digital and wireless tools depends on the technician’s workflow and the specific requirements of the job. Embracing modern technologies like digital manifolds and wireless probes can significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and service efficiency. Ultimately, leading to better performance, fewer callbacks and customer satisfaction. Choosing the right tool for a given job will always be a crucial skill for any technician.